Who is the Rambo Granny of Melbourne

Heres a tabloid tale of 81-year-old gun-toting granny Ava Estelle of Melbourne, Australia, who purportedly took revenge on two men who raped her granddaughter by shooting their testicles off. Did the Rambo Granny of Melbourne Take Aim and Shoot? Its a marvelous story without a shred of truth. The tale of gun-toting granny Ava Estelle of Melbourne, Australia began circulating via email in 2000 a couple of years after it was first published in the Weekly World News, an American tabloid newspaper famous for its entertaining though factually-challenged content. An early Usenet posting of the story dated Feb. 7, 2000, contained a link (now defunct) to a reprint of the original text on the WWN website. The original title of the piece, which Aussie readers were quick to recognize as fake because its heavily laden with American slang, was Granbo. The Ava Estelle story is still being passed around as factual, though long since debunked as an Internet urban legend. A latter-day variant sports the tagline, Deport her to America — we need her! Sample Rambo Granny Email Heres email text contributed by L. Palmer on Feb. 9, 2000: MELBOURNE, Australia -- Gun-toting granny Ava Estelle, 81, was so ticked-off when two thugs raped her 18-year-old granddaughter that she tracked the unsuspecting ex-cons down -- and shot their testicles off!The old lady spent a week hunting those bums down and when she found them, she took revenge on them in her own special way, said admiring Melbourne police investigator Evan Delp.Then she took a taxi to the nearest police station, laid the gun on the sergeants desk and told him as calm as could be: Those bastards will never rape anybody again, by God.Cops say convicted rapist and robber Davis Furth, 33, lost both his penis and his testicles when outraged Ava opened fire with a 9mm pistol in the seedy hotel room where he and former prison cellmate Stanley Thomas, 29, were holed up.The wrinkled avenger also blew Thomas testicles to kingdom come, but doctors managed to save his mangled penis, police said.The one guy, Thomas, didnt lose his manhood, but the doctor I talked to said he w ont be using it the way he used to, Detective Delp told reporters. Both men are still in pretty bad shape, but I think theyre just happy to be alive after what theyve been through.The Rambo Granny swung into action August 21 after her granddaughter Debbie was carjacked and raped by two knife-wielding creeps in a section of town bordering on skid row.When I saw the look on my Debbies face that night in the hospital, I decided I was going to go out and get those bastards myself cause I figured the police would go easy on them, recalled the retired library worker. And I wasnt scared of them, either because Ive got me a gun and Ive been shootin it all my life.Using a police artists sketch of the suspects and Debbies description of the sickos car, tough-as-nails Ava spent seven days prowling the wino-infested neighborhood where the crime took place till she spotted the ill-fated rapists entering their flophouse hotel. I knew it was them the minute I saw em, but I shot a picture of em any way and took it back to Debbie and she said sure as hell, it was them, the ornery oldster recalled.So I went back to that hotel and found their room and knocked on the door -- and the minute the big one, Furth, opened the door, I shot em got right square between the legs, right where it would really hurt em most, you know. Then I went down to the police station and turned myself in.Now, baffled lawmen are tying to figure out how to deal with the vigilante granny. What she did was wrong, but you cant really throw an 81-year-old woman in prison Det. Delp said, especially when all 3 million people in the city want to nominate her for sainthood. Sources: Granbo - Gun-Toting Granny Shoots Two Rapists Testicles OffWeekly World News, 20 October 1998

Why Npv Is the Best Method for Project Appraisal Free Essays

A rational capital budgeting functionality should answer two major questions. First is that, whether one particular project is a good one? Second, if we get more than one available project opportunities, but we should choose only one of them, which one should be that â€Å"one†? In real life we very frequently come across with question like whether to pick up a lump some payment of retirement account accumulated during years or receiving monthly retirement pensions until the rest of our life. In this case, NPV is the most appropriate answer out of two or three most widely used techniques in capital decision making. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Npv Is the Best Method for Project Appraisal or any similar topic only for you Order Now While doing so we also should keep in mind two major features of NPV: 1) in monetary terms, NPV is the difference between today’s market value of the investment and its original cost. 2) a financial manager should always act on behalf of the interests of shareholders through distinguishing and picking up projects with positive NPV, since it’s very clear that the ultimate target of any investment is the maximization of owners’ wealth. Another major characteristic of NPV is that they cannot be straightforwardly originated in the market, so they need to be estimated. Since there’s always the possibility of a poor estimation, financial managers need to use a number of other criterions for project evaluation for additional information regarding whether or not an investment has a positive NPV indeed. (fundamentals corporate finance) Internal rate of return and payback period are the major evaluation tools used by supervisors as an alternative to NPV. It might be feasible to use mentioned methods during evaluation process as well, however each of these methods has very significant shortcomings. For example: Major drawback of IRR is that it states the result in terms of percentage rather than through monetary amounts (variances in scale). Comparison through only percentage results while considering the overall purpose of maximization of shareholders’ wealth can be a misleading approach during evaluating investments. (Atrill/McLnaey) Then when assessing mutually exclusive projects IRR rule can lead to an incorrect decision making, due to its reinvestment assumptions. The assumption of reinvestment of proceeds derived from the project supports the consideration of superiority of NPV over IRR. According to the assumption if NPV is accepted then the cash flows derived from the project could be reinvested maximum as the cost of capital. But IRR assumes that all cash flows from the investment can be reinvested with the same IRR of the original project. Theory states that, a firm should take all projects which a return that exceeds the cost of capital but any other available funds could only be reinvested at the cost of capital and this assumption is consistent with NPV approach mentioned. drury) Major shortcomings of payback period can be concluded as 1) ignorance of cash flows beyond the payback period, 2) its failure to contribute to the owners’ wealth while it underlines taking projects that recover original costs most quickly and 3) its ignorance of time factor. For instance: If one borrows a student loan which has a payback period of 13 years, the full amount of the loan is due 13 years after the first payment, which occurs on an agreed-upon date. Over the course of the payback period, a borrower must either pay back the loan with his own finance take out a different loan to pay off the first. As a conclusion I would like to stress that, during project evaluation two essential facts should be considered thorugh a well-grounded method of assessment. The first one is the rule â€Å"cash is the king† (cash can be invested anyway or another when it’s available) and the second one is the time value of money. This suports the fact that the money is to be invested immediately where it could result in capital gain and. Then since purchasing power diminishes year by year due, the most correct method of the capital budgeting is the one that combines both the risk,inflation and time factors such as NPV. (management acc for business decisions) How to cite Why Npv Is the Best Method for Project Appraisal, Papers

Analysis Of Walmart Grocery Retail Chain †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of Walmart Grocery Retail Chain. Answer: Introduction Wal-Mart is engaged in the retail and wholesale operation around the world. The company is known for offering assortments of merchandises and other services at an everyday lower rate. In the recent time, the retail giant has more than 11,600 stores worldwide and deals with products ranging from electronics, clothing, foot wear, health and beauty along with grocery products. It is the worlds largest company by revenue that is approximately $480 billion as well as the largest private employer hiring more than 2.3 million employees (Anselmsson et al., 2016). The retail company undertakes many business strategies in its business activities including generic strategy and competitive strategy that has actually contributed to the success of the business. The successful business strategies of the organisation include product differentiation and the cost effective measure against the products. The study below consists of the analysis of Walmart grocery retail chain on the issues that the human resources department undergoes. Many big warehouses and stores are run by Wal-Mart stores. Walmart store was founded almost fifty years ago by Walton and his brother Bud in Bentonville USA hence named after their names. Yearly it sells over 300$ billion, hence considering it to be one of the most valuable companies in the world. In many times it has been considered to be one of the biggest employer with more than one and half million workers globally. It is estimated to have more than 11600 stores globally of which 80% are in USA. Studying the economic environment of Wal-Mart will be a key in addressing the analysis of the business. Also the macro and micro analysis due to its running worldwide will also be necessary. Furthermore, strategies which are operational will be necessary in knowing how Wal-Mart is run. Another area is the marketing mix with the four factors being the 4Ps that is the price, product, place and the promotion factors which will help in explaining both the successes and failures of Wal-Mart. Next, is the study of how the human resources of Walmart is managed. The main idea here being to understand the exact area because criticism has been brought about that Wal-Mart doesnt do well with its employees. Later, before i recommend on the case study, a SWOT analysis is done which will help in looking into Wal-Mart failures and the critics. The last step in the case study will be the conclusion, where there is a summary of all the issues studied and in existence in Wal-Mart company. Main and Sub-Objectives The below highlighted objectives will be illustrated in our study. MAIN OBJECTIVE SUB OBJECTIVES Knowing all retail sectors How the sector evolves? How importance each sector is to economy? The Environment Knowledge Understand context of PESTEL Five porter analysis Direct competitors analysis Operations of Walmart and its Processes analysis Layout study Operations analysis System quality analysis Human resources analysis Management of human resource and job quality analysis Understanding marketing mix Customer target study SWOT analysis Weakness studies and how to handle them Environment. PESTEL analysis will need to be made that is the Political, Economic, Social and technology factors that influences Wal-Mart directly or indirectly. In real world there exist so many forces that make a company to be more or less appealing in terms of industrial gains. This will be approached with use of five porters forces. PEST Many retail companies such as Wal-Mart act within a macro-environment meaning that the scope of what happens in the outside depends on how the company runs. Unlike in micro environments the company with the retail store cannot change as these change occurs but in macro environment they adapt to the change as they occur and according to business rules and objectives. The following below is a PEST analysis explanation. Legal Political. Law enforcement in USA is in charge of local police, while the police of the states provides services at the border. In our case regarding the legal and political laws that affect the retail industry we consider such(Jonathan, 2016): The issue about dictating what the company type of message will send to its customers trying to convince them about the tastes and preferences of the products. In case of any violation of these then some penalties will occur and fines must be met according to the set law in case such happens. Protection laws for customers This entails protection of customers from exploitation by companies in terms of pricing and quality standard of the sold goods. These laws ensure that customers buy goods at reasonable prices and the goods or services offered to them are worth the price. Seeking punitive damages These are personal injuries caused by the company to individuals. The injured person is guided by USA laws while seeking justice. Punitive damages occur when the companys actions are deemed to be reckless and in turn this results to physical or mental damages to individuals (LLP, 2013). Discount prices that are misled there exist laws that protect customers from being misled by companys unrealistic or fake discounts in order to impress their customers. For instance a company may suggest that a product goes for $350 dollars from $500 giving its customer a $150 discount when in reality the company had not sold the product at $500 before. This is termed as a misleading discount price. Therefore, the USA laws protect the customers from such deceptions which act as a bait to attract the customers. Use of misleading discount prices via advertisements or any other marketing procedure is against the law. Social America is mostly occupied by the white as the majority, followed by the blacks and the rest take the other percentage. The makes the US consumer to be determined and characterized for it being so powerful or even having greater demand. The launching of products depends on the fashionable style it is created upon and products consumer centric, hence creating an engagement with the customers. Micro Analysis Walmart is facing a lot of competition from many different countries who have different types of competition. With the use of specialization strategies stores like Target, Kmart, ShopKo will compete successfully against Walmart(Shelly, 2014). This will be explained in to details using the porters five forces. Threat of substitute services and goods One of the problem faced by Walmart is that it has very big retail stores but physically small in terms of size. Other retails have been competing with Walmart in Way that they specialize with one product with a motive 0f covering a wide range. This means that what one retails offer is likely to be found in other stores. This bring to an understanding that the retailers offering goods that are unique have an added advantage compared to their rivals. Threat of new entrants. Walmart should be aware that the E-commerce and M-commerce has competition thats high as we have very many new entrants. Entrance of new companies to the market may threaten the existence of those companies that have been there for a while. Competitive Rivalry within Walmart and the surrounding industry. The expansion in the whole world is making Walmart to face a lot of competitors from countries that are different. When it comes to individual they have very little bargaining power with the retail stores. Bargaining power of customers Force involved here makes buyers to put Walmart under pressure making it to relate to the laws within those specific territories in which Walmart operates. Bargaining power of suppliers. Walmart size can break a small supplier. This is because many companies depend on Walmart in buying their product and this makes the suppliers to have very little power against Walmart. Human Resource Analysis The workforce of Walmart is about 2.2M globally. Walmart has encountered many issues and lawsuits with its employees overall. The issues appointed and raised ranges from conditions which are poor for workers, Union that are have policies that are against Walmart, Little amount of money is paid as wage to its employees and lack of enough health care being just some of the bigger issues with relations to how Walmart relates to its employees. In addition to this, it has also been found that Wal-Mart does not pay the farmers well and in fact exploit them in terms of making payment to them (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). All these issues have led to massive rebellion among the employees and have questioned the HR policies of the organisation. Thus, it can be said that Wal-Mart is facing human resource issues related to the employees of the organisation that needs to be sorted out. Poor wages issues High employee turnover rate of about 70% indicates that many employees employed by Walmart leaves the retail one year after employment, hence explaining the above mentioned issues to being experienced in Walmart by the employees. Wage issue is a very big concern as many are employees are connected by the employer through the salary they receive from the work done. The main issues affecting Walmart is wages rates. When compared to other companies working as retail such as Shopko, Target and others their wage rate is very good and appealing when working with them unlike in Walmart where there is greater workforce but with less employee wage hence many workers are not able work for long. Poor Working Conditions issues The working conditions in Walmart has also been described as an issue in human resource as , it has been described and reported that Walmart has very small physical stores but very large stores of goods being squeezed in those stores. The mixing of different products and commodities within the same store has made the working condition unconducive in such a manner that the space is small but a lot need to be done within the small space. Child labor violation issues Third issue is the violation of child labor whereby there has been cases of Walmart being sued for employing childrens who are under 18 to work in their retails. Globally in most countries one is considered mature and ready to work after an age of 18 years. Globally attempt to exploit the young children through employment at tender change is violation on children and this termed as child labor. Employing Illegal workers issues Fourth issue brought about by Walmart is employing workers who are illegally not allowed to work in those departments in different retails national wide or globally. By illegal workers we mean those workers who doesnt the specific skills to handle such outlets. This has been experienced in Walmart as many strives to make their end meets. Employing illegal workers put the lives of the customers or consumers of their goods, products or commodities at risk for the lack of knowledge might lead to misunderstanding between them and hence tarnishing the business name. Opposition from Labor Unions Fifth issue is the opposition from the labor union. Walmart has been on the frontline to be criticised by Labor union in USA. The opposition from labor Union which is mostly due to results of Unsatisfied employees reporting them to the trade union for labor. Sex discrimination issues Gender discrimination in Walmart is also another issue. This has led to day to day rebellion within its employees as women are paid less as their work entails much of sales associates. This highest level of discrimination has led to Walmart being one of the largest discriminatory retail in terms of gender. Health Insurance issues Last issue and not least is the health insurance issue. Insurance cover for the employee working with Walmart has been an issue for a very long time. Retail is not a secure job because sometimes the materials or products handled might be toxic, flammable, poisonous, fragile etc. and this might need some cover as it is a risk one is taking to be part of the organisation that provides this services. Walmart failure to cover some of its employees and many issue arising when need for cover arises has been termed as a major issue in human resource. Swot Analysis The graft for clients appreciative is its solicitation to developing a strategy and implementing it. Once the client understands the process completely then the team that takes part in organizing the strategy will need to receive, then digesting it and then apply what they found in their analysis. Strategic planning context understanding through which a customer or client may think is through understanding the one way or of conducting the SWOT Analysis(Goodstein, 1993). This is client or customer way of understanding, as this analysis will provide the uniqueness in viewing Walmart retail store through its Strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats from mostly the clients point of view. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunity Threats Conclusion Maintaining and solidifying current customer value and developing tactics for meeting unanticipated emerging needs provides the basis for either developing or modifying an organizations strategic plan. It is this application that makes the customer understanding analysis pay off. Recommendations The issues brought about above are clear and evident that there is necessity of undertaking severe action in order to improve the human resource strategy in the organisation. As it has been found that the organisation has faced law suit for its ill behaviour and treatment against the employees, it is highly recommended that the HR policies should be developed keeping the employee guidelines of salary and their welfare. The human resource strategy should also include the training of the workers in order to increase their efficiency at work(Ravi.S.P, 2015) (Ravi, 2015). If there remains the opportunity, the management needs to consider the transfer of knowledge as well that would eventually help to improve the performance of the employees in the organisation. In addition to this, the company should also consider the importance of gender equality in the organisation that would help to overcome the blames that Wal-Mart is facing in the recent time. Walmart should address and adapt a corporate attitude that is friendly, because it has damaged its image because of its laborsuits towards their suppliers(Walmart, 2016). Another recommendation that should be considered is participating in charitable events as this will show some kind and make the world to be better. Lastly just like any other organization no matter how small or big it may be either nationally or globally, safety and health of the employee should be given priority. The priority here should be updating their health and medical insurance cover at all times as they might have issues that may arise during working hours and this covers will be highly needed. The working conditions of the employees should be large such that the stores and office have enough room for movement within as this will reduce the congestion that has been experienced in the already existing stores of Walmart globally. Conclusion Walmart should have initiated its business at a scale that is lower. This mistake led to the situation that it could not cope up with the benefits of economies of scale. Walmart by the name and looks have been seen as one of the best retailers in the world but in real sense it has led to many quitting jobs in other sectors so that they can be employed by them, to end up jobless as their needs and expectations are not met after being employed by them. In conclusion with regards to the issues studied and researched that seems to be experienced by Walmart human resource department, Walmart should take in to considerations of the above recommended solutions to issues brought about and this will eliminate most problems and make Walmart a better retail chain store. References Jonathan. (2016). Government Laws affecting retails. Retrieved from small business: www.smallbusiness.chron.com/government-regulations-affect-marketing-retail LLP, T. R. (2013). Punitive Damage and When to Seek Them. JDSUPRA. Ravi.S.P. (2015). Technology Solutions for Sustainable Business Practices. Stakeholder perception in Walmart, 106-108. Shelly, B. (2014). Walmart notches against its rivals. wall street journal. Walmart. (2016). suppliers standards. Retrieved from walmart: https://corporate.walmart.com/global-response/ethical.htm Whaples.Robert. (2007). Modern Hr Economic issues. Walmart growth and Prodctivity. Gorze?-Mitka, I., Okr?glicka, M. (2014). Improving Decision Making in Complexity Environment.Procedia Economics And Finance,16, 402-409. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00819-3 Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Kumar, N. P. (2014). Human resource management in future an obstacle of champion of globalization.Human Resource Management,1(1), 49-57. Anselmsson, J., Anselmsson, J., Bondesson, N., Bondesson, N., Melin, F., Melin, F. (2016). Customer based brand equity and human resource management image: Do retail customers really care about HRM and the employer brand?European Journal of Marketing,50(7/8), 1185-1208.

Being and Been

Being and Been Being and Been Being and Been By Maeve Maddox Saad Khan asks to know the difference between being and been. Been is the past participle form of the verb to be. It is used with the auxiliary verbs has, have, and had to form perfect tenses: How long has it been since you were in Paris? He had been writing that novel for thirty years when he died. How long have you been living here? Being is the present participle form of the verb to be. It is used with the auxiliaries is, are, was, and were to form continuous tenses: Mary is being difficult. The letter is being written. It is used as a verbal, a word that partakes of both verb and noun: Being polite is more productive than being rude. The word being can also be used a noun meaning â€Å"creature.† No human being should be homeless. I watched a movie about a being from outer space. Being can also mean â€Å"existence.† We are called from nothingness into being. In the expression â€Å"for the time being,† it means â€Å"the present.† We’ll leave him in charge for the time being. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Excited ABOUT, not "for" Grammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil Essay Example

Pressure distribution on an ellipto Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil Paper Pressure distribution on an ellipto-zhukovsky aerofoil Paper The pressure distribution around an Ellipto Zhukovsky aerofoil with a chord of 254 mm at a range of angles of attack (-4? , 7? and 15? ) was determined and pressure contributions to lift were evaluated in a T3 wind tunnel at City University. This was carried out at a chord Reynolds number of 3. 9 x 105. Graphs for lift and pitching moment coefficients were plotted against angles of attack. A graph for Cm and Cl was also plotted from which the aerodynamic centre was determined to be 23. 7%. The value of lift curve slope was determined to be 4. 4759. Hence the value of k (the ratio of the actual lift curve slope to the theoretical one) for this aerofoil was determined to be 0. 917. The value of Cmo was also found to be 0. 0172. Specimen calculations for 15 degrees angle of attack can be found in the appendix section. LIST OF SYMBOLS Cp Pressure Coefficient Cpu Pressure Coefficient of upper surface Cpl Pressure Coefficient of lower surface Cl Lift Coefficient Cm Moment Coefficient x/c Position of pressure tapping on aerofoil divided by chord length Px Pressure at tapping x (Pa) Patm Atmospheric Pressure (Pa) ? Density of air (kg/m3) i Dynamic viscosity ? Kinematics viscosity (m/s2) h Digital manometer reading ? angle of which manometer is inclined D or t Diameter of cylinder (mm) h tunnel height (mm) V Velocity of air flow (m/s) R Molar gas constant (J/kg. K) T Temperature (K) Re Reynolds Number INTRODUCTION An airfoil is any part of an airplane that is designed to produce lift. Those parts of the airplane specifically designed to produce lift include the wing and the tail surface. In modern aircraft, the designers usually provide an airfoil shape to even the fuselage. A fuselage may not produce much lift, and this lift may not be produced until the aircraft is flying relatively fast, but every bit of lift helps. The first successful aerofoil theory was developed by Zhukov sky and was based on transforming a circle onto an aerofoil-shaped contour. This transformation gave a cusped trailing edge, and so the transformation was modified to obtain a slender semi-eclipse trailing edge, which gave rise to the name Ellipto Zhukovsky. When a stream of air flows past an aerofoil, there are local changes in velocity around the aerofoil, and consequently changes in static pressure in accordance with Bernoullis theorem. The distribution of pressure determines the lift, pitching moment, form drag, and centre of pressure of the aerofoil. In our experiment we are concerned with the effect of pressure distribution on lift, pitching moment coefficient (Cm), and centre of pressure. The centre of pressure can be defined as the point on the aerofoil where Cm is zero, and therefore the aerodynamic effects at that point may be represented by the lift and drag alone. A positive pressure coefficient implies a pressure greater than the free stream value, and a negative pressure coefficient implies a pressure less than the free stream value (and is often referred to as suction). Also, at the stagnation point, Cp has its maximum value of 1 (which can be observed by plotting Cp against x/c). Zhucovsky claimed that the aerofoil generates sufficient circulation to depress the rear stagnation point from its position, in the absence of circulation, down to the (sharp) trailing edge. There is sufficient evidence of a physical nature to justify this hypothesis and the following brief description of the Experiment on an aerofoil may serve helpful. The experiment focuses on the pressure distribution around the Zhucovsky airfoil at a low speed and the characteristics associated with an airfoil:  coefficient of lift,   coefficient of pitching moment   and centre of pressure. The airfoil is secured to both sides of the wind tunnel with pressure tappings made as small as possible not to affect the flow,(appendix- photo 1 . The pressure difference around the airfoil is measured with twenty-five manometer readings which are recorded for each angle of attack. The manometer fluid is alcohol and has a specific gravity of 0. 83 and inclined at an angle of 30 degrees. Tube 1 is left open to atmospheric pressure, while tubes 2-13 are the lower surface of the airfoil and tubes 14-24 are the upper surface of the airfoil. The pressure tapings are positioned on the airfoil at a distance x/c, noted in the results table and tube 35 is the static pressure of the wind tunnel. The dynamic pressure is given by a digital manometer. The digital readout results were used for all calculations because they are more precise. Results Raw data and calculated values for x/c, Cp and Cp(x/c) can be found in the appendix. Graphs of Cp against x/c for angles of attack -4, 7, and 15 degrees can be also be found in the appendix. These graphs determine the lift coefficient. Counting the squares method was used to determine the values of Cl. Graphs of Cp*(x/c) against x/c for angles of attack -4, 7, and 15 degrees can be also be found in the appendix. These graphs determine the pitch moment coefficient. Counting the squares method was used to determine the values of Cm. Graphs of Cl against angle of attack ,Cm against angle of attack, and Cm against Cl can be found in the appendix. Also below is a summary of the results: Angle of Attack (degrees) Cl Cm -4 -0. 513 0. 153 7 0. 740 -0. 166 15 0. 946 -0. 183 Discussion The experiment was conducted in a low speed, closed wind tunnel, operating at approximately 50% of its speed. The aerofoil was mounted in the wind tunnel and its pressure tapings connected to a manometer inclined at 30 degrees to the horizontal. The height of the liquid in each manometer tube represented the pressure acting on each of the aerofoil tapings. The pressure in the working section, and the pressure at the venturi inlet were taken into account, and a resulting wind tunnel velocity was displayed on a digital manometer. The Reynolds number was calculated (see appendix. Values of Cl and Cm for other angles of attack were obtained from other groups conducting the experiment, and were used to obtain more accurate graphs. It was also found that the slope of the Cl against angle of attack graph was 4. 4759, which was not relatively close to the theoretical value of 7. 105. The aerodynamic centre was calculated at 23. 7% of the chord length (from the slope of the Cm against Cl graph). It was found that the lift increased with angle of attack, up to a point where the aerofoil experiences stall, and a dramatic loss of lift occurs. As there was little change in the lower surface pressure distribution, the lift was mainly generated due to the upper surface suction. As the angle of attack increases, the height of the upper surface suction peak should increase, and move forward, indicating that the centre of pressure is moving forward. However, experimentally this was not prominent, and can be attributed to a possible disturbance in the pressure distribution around the aerofoil. At zero degrees angle of attack, for a symmetrical aerofoil, lift and Cm should equal zero. The reason that they were not zero means that the aerofoil must have had a very small angle of attack. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental value of lift curve slope is due to boundary layer effects, and the effect of the thickness of the aerofoil, and thus the theoretical value needs to be multiplied by the k value (=0. 917) to obtain the experimental result. Conclusion The aim of the experiment was achieved with a relatively good level of experimental accuracy. The pressure distribution over an aerofoil contributes towards the lift and pitching moment coefficient, where the increase in suction on the upper surface (due to an increased angle of attack) increases the lift, and pitching moment coefficient. The variation of pressure distribution also affects the location of the centre of pressure. The factors which affected the pressure distribution, were mainly the thickness and the Reynolds number. However, when it comes to comparing the results with their theoretical values it is clear to see that there have been significant errors have occurred in the experiment. These are listed below. Human errors in reading of the manometer tubes. Where several people were involved and this led to different techniques being used it would have been best for everyone to take their own set of readings and the average value calculated using all the data. The most common error without ant doubt was parallax and this could have been avoided by using digital measuring devices. Calculation errors i. e. rounding off, conversion error and error occurring when the area under the graphs was calculated for the coefficient of lift.   Experimental errors some of the tapping may have been defective and not enough tapping were provided. Also to obtain a better lift curve slope there should have more angles of attack. Also any obstructions in front of the wind tunnel such as people would create unnecessary turbulence inside the wind tunnel. Appendix Specimen Calculations.

Plate Tectonics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plate Tectonics - Assignment Example For example, by pouring cooking oil into a glass beaker halfway with water, it will be observed that the oil will be in motion. This motion is attributable to the interaction of the earth’s layers. The science of plate tectonics is testable. Plate tectonics- The theory of continental drift explains that the earth’s surface appeared different 300 million years ago (Young, Greg p. 26). The science behind plate tectonics indicates that the continents lie on multiple plates of the lithosphere, which are in a constant horizontal motion (like blocks of ice over the lake). Plate tectonics is attributable to the steady movement of the lithosphere. The blocks of lithosphere interact differently against each other. This brings about plate tectonic events that are experienced over the earth’s surface. The horizontal movement of the blocks of lithosphere is as a result of natural causes, which are not attributable to any human

F1 case Studay answering some questions using some markiting Assignment - 1

F1 case Studay answering some questions using some markiting methodology - Assignment Example All Ferrari cars are red in colour representing Italy’s national colour. The factory at Maranello is a state of the art infrastructure and is an up-to-date facility. Ferrari cars have always been low on displaying their sponsors logo and names. Being one of the oldest companies in the business Ferrari has had its share of ups and downs. The journey has not been a smooth one for Ferrari. New Zealander Bruce McLaren, who was a F1 driver himself, founded by McLaren in 1966. McLaren registered its first victory in 1968 but the true dominance of McLaren was in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The domination was such that McLaren won 15 out of the 16 races in a year in the period. Williams was founded by Frank Williams and again Frank too was a driver. Williams lead the technological development in F1 that was triggered in the early 1990s. William dominated F1 from 1992 – 1994. 1975 – 1978 was a great time for Ferrari as it dominated F1. Ferrari bagged both drivers and constructors world championship in 1975 and followed it up with the constructors championship in 1976. The tragic accident of Lauda which kept him away from action for nearly 6 weeks was the reason that Ferrari could not get the drivers’ championship in 1976. Ferrari won both drivers and constructors championship in 1977, and the drivers’ championship in 1978. During this period Ferrari made few changes to its structure. Montezemolo was promoted to head the entire motorsport operations of Fiat, while Danielle Audetto was made Ferrari’s sporting Director. The strategy here was to replicate the success of Ferrari with Fiat. This strategy backfired as Audetto was not able to fill in the shoes of Montezemolo. He failed to develop a strong relationship with the lead driver and the design team. This eventually led to Lauda moving out of Ferrari. Also during this time, Ferrari became complacent and adopted a short-termed focused strategy wherein it tried to develop their